Material Information |
| Title: |
An Exploration of Facebook's Ability to Buffer the Negative Effects of Cyberostracism on Self-Esteem |
| Physical Description: |
Book |
| Language: |
English |
| Creator: |
Jaffe, Heather |
| Publisher: |
New College of Florida |
| Place of Publication: |
Sarasota, Fla. |
| Creation Date: |
2012 |
| Publication Date: |
2012 |
Subjects |
| Subjects / Keywords: |
Cyberball
Facebook
Self-Esteem |
| Genre: |
bibliography ( marcgt )
theses ( marcgt )
government publication (state, provincial, terriorial, dependent) ( marcgt )
born-digital ( sobekcm )
Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
Notes |
| Abstract: |
Cyberostracism is the act of being socially excluded over the Internet and it typically leads to feelings of lowered self-esteem. The current study attempted to examine whether Facebook usage can buffer the negative effects of cyberostracism on an individual's self-esteem. Cyberostracism was induced by having students play a game of Cyberball. Fifty students at a small liberal arts college were asked to complete pre-test questionnaires and then were assigned to 1 of 5 conditions. After completing the pre-test questionnaires, the participants in the control condition were asked to play a game of Cyberball in which they were excluded and the participants in the other 4 groups were asked to complete 1 of 4 online activities including Facebook with instant messaging, Facebook without instant messaging, an included game of Cyberball, and StumbleUpon. After this, these 4 groups played a game of Cyberball in which they were excluded. The results found evidence to support the hypothesis that participating in online tasks such as Facebook, StumbleUpon, and Cyberball, buffers the negative effects of cyberostracism on individuals' self-esteem. |
| Statement of Responsibility: |
by Heather Jaffe |
| Thesis: |
Thesis (B.A.) -- New College of Florida, 2012 |
| Electronic Access: |
RESTRICTED TO NCF STUDENTS, STAFF, FACULTY, AND ON-CAMPUS USE |
| Bibliography: |
Includes bibliographical references. |
| Source of Description: |
This bibliographic record is available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. The New College of Florida, as creator of this bibliographic record, has waived all rights to it worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. |
| Local: |
Faculty Sponsor: Barton, Michelle |
Record Information |
| Source Institution: |
New College of Florida |
| Holding Location: |
New College of Florida |
| Rights Management: |
Applicable rights reserved. |
| Classification: |
local - ST. 2012 J2 |
| System ID: |
NCFE004603:00001 |
|
Material Information |
| Title: |
An Exploration of Facebook's Ability to Buffer the Negative Effects of Cyberostracism on Self-Esteem |
| Physical Description: |
Book |
| Language: |
English |
| Creator: |
Jaffe, Heather |
| Publisher: |
New College of Florida |
| Place of Publication: |
Sarasota, Fla. |
| Creation Date: |
2012 |
| Publication Date: |
2012 |
Subjects |
| Subjects / Keywords: |
Cyberball
Facebook
Self-Esteem |
| Genre: |
bibliography ( marcgt )
theses ( marcgt )
government publication (state, provincial, terriorial, dependent) ( marcgt )
born-digital ( sobekcm )
Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
Notes |
| Abstract: |
Cyberostracism is the act of being socially excluded over the Internet and it typically leads to feelings of lowered self-esteem. The current study attempted to examine whether Facebook usage can buffer the negative effects of cyberostracism on an individual's self-esteem. Cyberostracism was induced by having students play a game of Cyberball. Fifty students at a small liberal arts college were asked to complete pre-test questionnaires and then were assigned to 1 of 5 conditions. After completing the pre-test questionnaires, the participants in the control condition were asked to play a game of Cyberball in which they were excluded and the participants in the other 4 groups were asked to complete 1 of 4 online activities including Facebook with instant messaging, Facebook without instant messaging, an included game of Cyberball, and StumbleUpon. After this, these 4 groups played a game of Cyberball in which they were excluded. The results found evidence to support the hypothesis that participating in online tasks such as Facebook, StumbleUpon, and Cyberball, buffers the negative effects of cyberostracism on individuals' self-esteem. |
| Statement of Responsibility: |
by Heather Jaffe |
| Thesis: |
Thesis (B.A.) -- New College of Florida, 2012 |
| Electronic Access: |
RESTRICTED TO NCF STUDENTS, STAFF, FACULTY, AND ON-CAMPUS USE |
| Bibliography: |
Includes bibliographical references. |
| Source of Description: |
This bibliographic record is available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. The New College of Florida, as creator of this bibliographic record, has waived all rights to it worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. |
| Local: |
Faculty Sponsor: Barton, Michelle |
Record Information |
| Source Institution: |
New College of Florida |
| Holding Location: |
New College of Florida |
| Rights Management: |
Applicable rights reserved. |
| Classification: |
local - ST. 2012 J2 |
| System ID: |
NCFE004603:00001 |
|
This item is only available as the following downloads:
|
| Full Text |
PAGE 1
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PAGE 6
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PAGE 19
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! "T 2+((!)$01D!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!'(+01C!-$!)$1!).!.)8*!)5,*+0-5>!0+,1;)*-15D! C1,1*>-$1C!26!,91!'*)2+2-(-,6!,9+,! ,91!E),91*!'(+61*5H!G)8(C!,)55 !,91>!,91!2+((M! F+*,-0-'+$,5!-$!,91!)<1*-$0(85-)$!0)$C-,-)$!9+C!+!\i!'1*01$,!09+$01!).!*1 01-<-$;! ,91!2+((!C8*-$;!1+09!,8*$M!F+*,-0-'+$,5!-$!,91!-$0(85-)$!0)$C-,-)$!9+C!+!XX! '1*01$,!09+$01!).!*101-<-$;!,91!2+((!C8*-$;!1+09!,8*$M!F+*,-0-'+$,5!-$!,91!'+*,-+(! )5,*+0-5>!0)$C-,-)$!9+C!+!KL!'1*01$,!09+$01!).!*101-<-$;!,91!2+((!C8*-$;!1+09! ,8*$M!]91!' +*,-0-'+$,!-$!,91!)5,*+0-Z1C!0)$C-,-)$!9+C!+!L!'1*01$,!09+$01!).! *101-<-$;!,91!2+((!C8*-$;!1+09!,8*$M!F+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!+(()G1C!,)!5,)'! '(+6-$;! G91$1<1*!,916!09)51M!]91!*151+*091 *5!.)8$C!,9+,!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!G9)!G1*1! >)*1!)5,*+0-Z1C !*1')*,1C!.11(-$;!-$! +! G)*51! >))CD! .11(-$;! (155!-$!0)$,*)(D!+$C .11(-$;!+! ()55!).!51$51!).!21()$;-$;!,9+$!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!G9)!G1*1!>)*1! -$0(8C1C!-$!,91!;+>1!).!=621*2+((M! R$!,91!510)$C!1&'1*->1$,D!'+*,-0-'+$,5!'(+61C!=621*2+((!G-,9!,G)!),91*! 0621*!'(+61*5!+$C!,91$!1$;+;1C!-$! +$!-C1$,-.-0+,-)$!,+53M!]91!*151+*091*5! 96'),915-Z1C!,9+,!-$C-<-C8+(5!G9)!9+C!211$!)5,*+0-Z1CD!+$C !91$01 !,91-*!.11(-$;! ).!21()$;-$;!9+C!211$!9-$C1*1CD!G)8(C!21!>)*1!(-31(6!,)!0)$.)*>!,)!,91!;*)8'! $)*> !,9+$!'+*,-0-'+$,5!G9)!9+C!211$!-$0(8C1C!-$!+!;+>1!).!=621*2+(( M!]91! '+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!+55-;$1C!,)!)$1!).!,9*11!;*)8'!>1>21*59-'!5,+,8515!I-$ @ ;*)8'D!)8, @ ;*)8'D!)*!>-&1CPD!+$C!,)!)$1!).!,G)!)5,*+0-5>!;*)8'5!I-$0(85-)$!)*! )5,*+0-5>PM!]91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!*+ $C)>(6!+55-;$1C!,)!,91!-$0(85-)$!)*! )5,*+0-5>!0)$C-,-)$!+.,1*!,91!.-*5,!,9*11!2+((!,)5515M!#.,1*!,91!.-*5,!,9*11!2+((! ,)5515D!-$0(8C1C!'+*,-0-'+$,5!0)$,-$81C!,)!*101-<1!,91!2+((!+!,9-*C!).!,91!,->1D! G9-(1!)5,*+0-Z1C!'+*,-0-'+$,5!C-C!$),!*101-<1!,91!2+((!+; +-$M!R$!,9-5!1&'1*->1$,D!
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! KL ,91!-$ @ ;*)8'!>1>21*5!9+C!,91!5+>1!0)>'8,1*!If+0-$,)59!)*!F=P!+5!,91! '+*,-0-'+$,D!,91!)8, @ ;*)8'!>1>21*5!9+C!+!C-..1*1$,!0)>'8,1*!,9+$!,9)51!,9+,! ,916!G1*1!'(+6-$;!G-,9D!+$C !,91 !>-&1C @ ;*)8'!9+C!+!0)>2-$+,-)$!).!f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c! ,95!0+$!)008*!-$!'1*5)$!)*! ) $(-$1!I7+*$1* @ 7+*6D!"TN\c!B)$15! 1,!+(MD!KLLTPM! Q151+*091*5!9+<1!1&+>-$1C!,91! 1..10,5!).!2),9!.)*>5!).!)5,*+0-5> !51'+*+,1(6 D!28,! U -((-+>5D!S)<+$D!=*)031*D! ]6$+$D!=*8-0359+$3D!+$C!d+> IKLLKP! G1*1! ,91!.-*5,!,)!-$<15,-;+,1!,91!C-..1*1$01!
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! K" 21,G11$! 5)0-+( @ )5,*+0-5>! +$C!0621*)5,*+0-5>M!]916!*+$! a!1&'1*->1$,5!,)! -$<15,-;+,1!,91!->'+0,!).!21-$;!-;$)*1C!+$C!1&0(8C1C!<-+!0)>'8,1* @ >1C-+,1C! 0)>>8$-0+,-)$M!]91!.-*5,!1&'1*->1$,!851C!,91!'+*+C-;>!=621*2+((!,)!>1+58*1! ,91!1..10,5!).! 0621* )5,*+0-5>M!%&'1*->1$,5!K!+$C!X!1&+>-$1C!0621*)5,*+0-5>!-$!+! 09+,!*))>!'+*+C-;>M!R$!5,8C6!a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! KK 0)$.1C1*+,15!2),9!G1$,!,)!+!C-..1*1$,!3-$C!).!509))(!,9+$!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,M!#.,1*! ,91!-$-,-+(!a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aD!'+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!*+$C)>(6!+55-;$1C!,)!21!-$!,91!.+01 @ ,) @ .+01!0)$C-,-)$!)*!,91!09+,!*))>!I=f=P!0)$C-,-)$D!G9-09!C1,1*>-$1C!9)G!,916! G)8(C!-$,1*+0,!G-,9!K!0)$.1C1*+,15!G9 )!1-,91*!+;*11C!G-,9!,91-*!)'-$-)$5!)$! 18,9+$+5-+!)*!C-5+;*11C!G-,9!,91-*!)'-$-)$5 !)$!18,9+$+5-+ M!V+(.!).!,91!
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! Ka 21-$;!)5,*+0-Z1C!.*)>!+!;*)8'!-$!'1*5)$M!e+C*)D!U-((-+>5D!+$C!Q-09+*C5)$ !IKLLa P G+$,1C!,)!3$)G!-.! 21-$;!+G+*1 !,9+,!,91!1&0(85-)$!G+5!;1$1*+,1C! 26!+!0)>'8,1*! '*);*+>! +$C!$),!26!+!'1 *5)$! G)8(C!9+<1!,91!5+>1!$1;+,-<1!1..10,5!)$! -$C-<-C8+(5!+5!511$!-$!'*1<-)85!)5,*+0-5>! *151+*09 !I U-((-+>5!1,!+(D!KLLKc! U((-+>5!1,!+(MD!KLLKPM!R$!e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f))C! G+5!$),!+..10,1C!26!21-$;!-$0(8C1C!)*!)5,*+0-Z1CM! R$!,91!510)$C!1&'1*->1$,D!9+(.!).!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!,)(C!,916!G1*1! '(+6-$;!G-, 9!+$),91*!'1*5)$!G9)!G+5!,)(C!G91*1!,)!,9*)G!,91!2+((c!,91!),91*!9+(.! G1*1!,)(C!,9+,!,916!G1*1!'(+6-$;!G-,9!,91!0)>'8,1*D!G9-09D!G+5!'*);*+>>1C! G91*1!,)!,9*)G!,91!2+((M!#((!).!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!'(+61C!=621*2+((!+$C!,91$! 0)>'(1,1C!,91![815,-)$$+-*1!.*)>!1&'1 *->1$,!"M!V+(.!).!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!-$!1+09!
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e+C*)!1,!+(MD! KL La PM! S)$5+(3)*+(1!+$C!U-((-+>5!IKLLiP!-$<15,-;+,1C!G91,91*!21-$;!)5,*+0-Z1C! 26!+!C15'-51C!)8, @ ;*)8'!G)8(C!9+<1!,91!5+>1 !$1;+,-<1!->'+0,!)$!-$C-<-C8+(5 !+5! 21-$;!)5,*+0-Z1C!26!),9 1*!;*)8'5D!+5!C-508551C!'*1<-)85(6 !I U-((-+>5!1,!+( M D!KLLLP M! ]916! 96'),915-Z1C! ,9+,!-$C-<-C8+(5!G)8(C!$),!21!$1;+,-<1(6!+..10,1C!26!21-$;! -;$)*1C!26!C15'-51C!)8, @ ;*)8'!>1>21*5D!5-$01!>) 5 ,!-$C-<-C8+(5!G)8(C!,*6!,)! +<)-C!+55)0-+,-$;!G-,9!5809!>1>21*5!).!+!C15'-51C!)8, @ ;*)8'M S)$5+(3)*+(1!+$C! U-((-+>5!IKLLiP!96'),915-Z1C!,9+,!-$C-<-C8+( 5!G)8(C!$),!21!$1;+,-<1(6!+..10,1C! 26!21-$;!-;$)*1C!26!C15'-51C!)8, @ ;*)8'!>1>21*5D!5809!+5!,91!b8!b(8&!b(+$D! 1<1$!,9)8;9!21-$;!)5,*+0-Z1C!26!)8, @ ;*)8'!>1>21*5!9+5!211$!59)G$!,)!21!`85,! +5!+<1*5-<1!+5!21-$;!)5,*+0-Z1C!26!-$ @ ;*)8'!>1>21*5!IU-((-+>5!1,M!+(MD! KLLKPM F+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!+531C!,)!09))51!+!;*)8'!,916!+..-(-+,1C!G-,9D!.*)>! 09)-015!'*)<-C1CD!+$C!,91$!G1*1!-$5,*80,1C!,)!'(+6!=621*2+((!.)*!a!>-$8,15M!V+(.! ).!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!*+$C)>(6!+55-;$1C!,)!,91!C15'-51C!)8, @ ;*)8'!0)$C-,-)$D!
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! K\ +$C!9+(.!G1*1!*+$C )>(6!+55-;$1C!,)!,91!-$ @ ;*)8'!0)$C-,-)$M!V+(.!).!, 91! '+*,-0-'+$,5!-$!1+09!).!,91!;*)8'5!G1*1! -$0(8C1C!-$!,91!;+>1!).!=621*2 +((D!+$C! 9+(.!).!1+09!;*)8'!G1*1! )5,*+0-Z1C!-$!,91!;+>1!).!=621*2+((M!]91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!-$! ,91!C15'-51C!)8, @ ;*)8'!0)$C-,-)$!G1*1!(1C!, )!21(-1<1!,916!G1*1!'(+6-$;!G-,9! '+*,-0-'+$,5!G9)!+..-(-+,1C!G-,9!,91!b8!b(8&!b(+$M!]91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!-$!,91!-$ @ ;*)8'!0)$C-,-)$!G1*1!(1C!,)!21(-1<1!,916!G1*1!'(+6-$;!G-,9!>1>21*5!G9)!G1*1! >1>21*5 !).!+!;*)8'!,916!+..-(-+,1C!G-,9 M!#.,1*!'(+6-$;!=621*2+((D!,91 !'+*,-0-'+$,5! 0)>'(1,1C!+!58*<16 !+55155-$; !,91-*!'1*01-<1C!(1<1(5!).!21()$;-$;D!51(. @ 15,11>D! 0)$,*)(D!+$C!>1+$-$;.8(!1&-5,1$01M! S)$5+(3)*+(1!+$C!U-((-+>5!IKLLiP!C-C!$),!.-$C!1<-C1$01!,)!58'')*,!,91-*! 96'),915-5!,9+,!-$C-<-C8+(5!G)8(C!$),!21!$1;+,-<1(6!+. .10,1C!26!21-$;!-;$)*1C!26! C15'-51C!)8, @ ;*)8'!>1>21*5M!]91-*!1<-C1$01!58;;15,5!,9+,!)5,*+0-5>!26!,91! C15'-51C!)8, @ ;*)8'!G+5!$)!(155!C-5,*155-$;!,9+$!)5,*+0-5>!26!,91!),91*!;*)8'5M! ]9151 !*158(,5!+*1!58*'*-5-$;!210+851!>+$6!-$C-<-C8+(5!G)8(C!+<)-C!+55)0-+,-$ ;! G-,9!5809!;*)8'5D!28,!G91$ !.)*01C!,)!-$, 1*+0,!G-,9!,91>D!-,!+''1+*5!-$C-<-C8+(5 9+<1!+!C15-*1!,)!21!+001',1C!+$C!-$0(8C1C!26!,91!;*)8'M! ]9-5!,1((5!85!,9+,! )5,*+0-5>D!26!+$6)$1 D!0+$!21!C1,*->1$,+(!,)!-$C-<-C8+(54!.11(-$;5!).! 21()$;-$;$155D!.11(-$;5!).!0)$ ,*)(D!.11(-$;5!).!>1+$-$ ;.8(!1&-5,1$01D!+$C!51(. @ 15,11> M! Q151+*09!9+5!-((85,*+,1C!,9+,!21-$;!)5,*+0-Z1C!)<1*!,91!R$,1*$1,!26! C15'-51C!;*)8'!>1>21*5!0+$!9+<1!$1;+,-<1!1..10,5!)$!-$C-<-C8+(54!.)8*!$11C5^! .11(-$;!).!0)$,*)(D!.11(-$;!).!>1+$-$;.8(!1&-5,1$01D! 51(. @ 15,11>D!+$C!.11(-$;5!).! 21()$;-$;!IS)$5+(3)*+(1! J! U-((-+>5D!KLLiPM!]9-5!.-$C-$;!-5!-$,1*15,-$;!,9)8;9!
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c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iP!,)!,1**-.-0!IiPhH!
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! X\ ]91!'+*,-0-'+$,5! '(+61C! G-,9!K!0)>'8,1* @ ;1$1*+,1C! '(+61*5M!#((!).!,91! '+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!)5,*+0-Z1C!-$! )$1! ;+>1!).!=621*2+(( c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`)6+2(1!0+,1;)*-15M! ]91!,6'15!).!G125-,15!,9+,!+$!-$C<-C8+(!E5,8>2(15H!)$!0+$! 21! 0)$,*)((1C!)$!+!9)>1'+;1M! =(1+*(6!5)0-+(!G125-,1!0+,1;)*-15!G1*1 !2()031C!<-+! ,9-5!9)>1'+;1 !.)*!,9-5!0)$C-,-)$ M D#2#$/)'12*4$./-%42' B;#,-%422/%$# C' ]9-5 [815,-)$$+-*1!+531C! '+* ,-0-'+$,5!,)!-C1$,-.6!,91-*!+;1 D!;1$C1*D!+$C!>+`)*M!R,!+(5)!+531C!'+*,-0-'+$,5!,)! +$5G1*!,91!" @ -,1>!5,+,1!51(. @ 15,11>!>1+58*1D!EV)G!+*1!.11(-$;!+2)8,!6)8*51(.! *-;9,!$)GD!.*) >!,1**-2(1!I @ iP!,)! ,1**-.-0!IiPH I S*)55D!KLLTPh !?11! #''1$C-&!7 !.)*!+((! -,1>5 M! E4,#2:# $7'(#)* + F,-##.'(0/)# C' ]91! Q)51$21 *;!?1(. @ 15,11>! ? 0+(1 IQ)51$21 *;D!"T\OP 0)$55,5!).!"L!5,+,1>1$,5!*1;+*C-$;!5 1(. @ 15,11>!,9+ ,!0+$!21! *+,1C!)$!+!O @ ')-$,!50+(1!.*)>!"!I ()*+,"-% ./' 0,)$$ P!,)!O !I ()*+,"-% 0,)$$ PM!#$! -$C-<-C8+(45!51(. @ 15,11>!50)*1!-5!0)>'-(1C!26!+CC-$;!,91!')-$,5!.*)>!1+09! [815,-)$M!]91!50)*15!*+$;1!.*)>!"L!,)!OLM!]91!9-;91*!+$!-$C-<-C8+(45!51(. @ 15,11>!
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! Xi 50)*1D!,91!9-;91*!9-5!)*!91*!51(. @ 15,11>!-5!'1*01-<1C!+5!21-$;M! ] 9-5!50+(1!G+5! ,+31$!.*)>!Q)51$21 *;!I"T\OPM!]91! "L @ -,1>!50+(1!0+$!21!.)8$C!-$!#''1$C-&!=M (/-%,*/0-%42'B;#,-%422/%$# C !]91!5+,-5.+0,-)$![815,-)$$+-*1!0)$5-5,1C!).! X![815,-)$5! *1;+*C-$; !,91!;+>1!).!=621*2+((!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!'(+61C M !]91!X! =621*2+((![815,-)$5!G1*1!C1<1()'1C!.)*!,91!851!).!,9-5!5,8C6M!]91!.-*5,! [815,-)$! G+5D!E V)G!>+$6!,->15!C-C!6)8!*101-<1!,91!2+((!C8*-$;!,91!(+5,!;+>1!).! =621*2+((hH!]91!510)$C![815,-)$!G+5 D !EV)G!>+$6!),91*!'(+61*5!G1*1!,91*1D! 215-C15!6)8hH!]91!,9-*C![ 815,-)$!G+5 D !E!A-C!6)8!1$`)6!'(+6-$;!=621*2+((hH! ?11! #''1$C-&!=!.)*!+((!-,1>5 M ?$40#3;$# #((!).!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!+531C!,)!5-;$!+!0)$51$,!.)*>!+$C!,)!.-((!)8,!,91! ;1$1*+(!-$.)*>+,-)$!58*<16!,9+,!-$0(8C 1C!,91!2+51(-$1 @ 5,+,1!51(. @ 15,11>! >1+58*1M!#.,1*!5;$-$;!,91!0)$51$,!.)*>!+$C!0)>'(1,-$;!,91!;1$1*+ (!-$.)*>+ ,-)$! [815,-)$$+-*1D!,91!.-*5,!aL !'+*,-0-'+$,5!G1 *1!*+$C)>(6!+55-;$1C!,)!)$1!).!.)8* 0)$C-,-)$5^!/+012))3!G-,9 )8,!RfD!/+012))3!G-,9 !RfD!-$0(8C1!=621*2+((D!)*! ?,8>2(1 _')$ M! ]91!(+5,!"L !'+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1 !+55-;$1C!,)!,91!$)!)$(-$1!+0,-<-,6! 0)$C-,-)$M ] 91! .-*5,!aL '+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!*+$C)>(6!+55-;$1C!,)!'+*,-0-'+,1!-$!)$1! ).! .)8*!)$(-$1!,+535!.)*!O!>-$8,15 !21.)*1!21-$;!1&0(8C1C!.*)>!+!;+>1!).! =621*2+((M! ]91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!-$!,91!$)!)$(-$1!+0,-<-,6!0)$C-,-)$!CC!$),!0)>'(1,1! +$!)$(-$1!+0,-<-,6!'*-)*!,)!'+*,-0-'+,-$;!-$!,91!),91*!,+535M ]91! '+*,-0-'+$,5! -$!,91!/+012))3!G-,9)8,!Rf!0)$C-,-)$! G1*1!+531C !,) !(); @ )$!,)!,91-*!/+012))3!+00)8$,!+$C!G1*1!+531C! ,)!,8*$!)..!,91!-$5,+$,!>155+;1! .8$0,-)$!).!,91-*!/+012)) 3! +00 )8$,!.)*!,91!'8*')51!).!,9-5!5,8C6M! ] 9-5!+(()G1C!+!
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! a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`)61C!'(+6-$;!=621*2+((M!#((!).!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!*1') *,1C! *101-<-$;!,91!2+((!(155!,9+ $!a!,->15!C8*-$;!,91-*!(+,15,!;+>1!).!=621*2+((M!#((!).! ,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!*1')*,1C!,9+,!,916!9+C!'(+61C!=621*2+((!G-,9!,G)!),91*!'(+61*5M! ?-&!)8,!).!,91!OL!'+*,-0-'+$,5!* 1')*,1C!,9+,!,916!1$`)61C!'(+6-$;!=621*2+((M! ]9151![815,-)$5!'*)<-C1C!1<-C1$01!,9+,!,9+,!,91!'+*,-0-'+$,5!G1*1!+G+*1!,9+,! ,916!G1*1!21-$;!1&0(8C1CD!G9-09!-$C-0+,15!,9+,!,91!=621*2+((!>+$-'8(+,-)$!G+5! 5800155.8(M! ( #)* + F,-##.'>#/,;$#, ?$# + -#,-'(#)* + F,-##. C' 71.)*1!+!)$1 @ G+6!#:Wj#!0)8(C!21!*8$!,)! C1,1*>-$1!-.!,91!.-<1!;*)8'5!I:)!)$(-$1!+0,-<-,6D!/+012))3!G-,9!RfD!/+012))3! G-,9)8,!RfD!=621*2+((D!+$C!?,8>2(1_')$P!C-..1*1C!5-;$-.-0+$,(6!.*)>!1+09!),91*! )$!,91!')5, @ ,15,!51(. @ 15,11>!>1+58*1D!+!)$1 @ G+6!#:Wj#!G+5!* 8$!)$!,91!' *1 @ ,15,! >1+58*1!).!51(. @ 15,11>M! ]9-5!G+5!C)$1!,)!,15,!G91,91*!,91!;*)8'5!+(*1+C6! C-..1*1C!-$!51(. @ 15,11>!21.)*1!'+*,-0-'+,-$;!-$!,9-5!1&'1* ->1$,M!]91!$)!)$(-$1!
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! O" ]91!08**1$,!5,8C 6!'*)<-C1C!1<-C1$01!,9+,!01*,+-$!+5'10,5!).!/+012))3! 85+;1!+$C!.11(-$;5!,)G+*C5!/+012))3!C)!$),!C-..1*!21,G11$!;1$C1*5!+$C! ,91*1.)*1!>1$!+$C!G)>1$!C)!$),!$11C!,)!21!1<+(8+,1C!51'+*+,1(6!-$!*1;+*C5!,)! 9)G!).,1$!,916!<-5-,!/+012))3D!9)G!()$;!,91-*!<-5-,5!(+5 ,D!9)G!>809!,916!1$`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! OK 7-2(-);*+'96 7115,D!RMjM!J!U-((-+>5D!bMAM!IKLL\PM!U91$!-$0(85-)$!0)5,5!+$C!)5,*+0-5>!'+65D! )5,*+0-5>!5,-((!98*,5M! 7*#)+0"%*8%9$)'*+0"/(-%0+.%2*:/0"%9'-:;*"*,D! <=>?@ D! T"N @ TKNM 71*$5,1-$D!fM!BMD!J!=(+6'))(D!VM!fM!IKL""PM!?)0-+(!1&0(85-)$!+$C!'+-$! 51$5-,-<-,6^! U 96!1&0(85-)$!5)>1,->15!98*,5!+$C!5)>1,->15!$8>25M!F1*5)$+(-,6!+$C! ?)0-+(! F5609)();6!78((1,-$D!XNIKPD!"NO @ "T\M!C)-^!"LM""iiYL"a\"\iK""aKKaaT 7()03D!BMD!J!Q)2-$5D!QM!UM!I" TTXPM!#!()$;-,8C-$+(!5,8C6!).!0)$5-5,1$06!+$C!09+$;1! -$!51(. @ 15,11>!.*)>!1+*(6!+C)(1501$01!,)!1+*(6!+C8(,9))CM! !;/".% % 3$A$"*5B$+(&%CD>E@& !TLT @ TKXM!C)-^"LMKXLiY""X"KK\ 7)615D!fM!%MD!J!/*1$09D!AM!BM!IKLLTPM!V+<-$;!+!0621*2+((^!_5-$;!+!2+(( @ ,9*)G-$;! ;+>1!+5 !+$!1&'1*->1$,+(!5)0-+(!5,*155)*!,)!1&+>-$1!,91!*1(+,-)$59-'! 21,G11$!$18*),-0-5>!+$C!0)'-$; F%9$)'*+0"/(-%0+.%G+./A/.#0"%3/88$)$+:$'&% DH>?@ D!XT\ @ aL"M!C)-^"LM"L"\Y`M'+-CMKLLTMLaMLLO S)$5+(3)*+(1D!bM!J!U-((-+>5D!bMAM!IKLLiPM!]91!bbb!G)$4,!(1,!>1!'(+6^!W5,*+05>! 1<1$!26!+!C15'-51C!)8,;*)8'!98*,5M! I#)*5$0+%7*#)+0"%*8%2*:/0"%9'-:;*"*,-&% % % EH D""i @ "X\M! S*)55D!%M!/M!IKLLTPM!d);;-$;!)$D!2)8$0-$;!2+03^!#$!1&'1*->1$,+(!-$<15,-;+,-)$!). !)$(-$1!0)>>8$-0+,-)$!.)(()G-$;!5)0-+(!1&0(85-)$M! 3$A$"*5B$+(0"% % % 9'-:;*"*,D! D?>C@& !"iNi @ "iTXM! S*)55D!%M/MD!B8<)$1$D!BMD!J!S+2(1D!?MdM!IKLLKPM!R$,1*$1,!851!+$C!G1(( @ 21-$;!-$!
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! OX +C)(1501$01M! 7*#)+0"%*8%2*:/0"%G''#$'&%?J>=@ D!iO @ TLM! B)$15D!%MD!=+*,1* @ ?)G1((D!#M!QMD!b1((6D!BMQMD!J!U-((-+>5D!bMAM!IKLLTPM!qR4>!)8,!).!,91! ())'4^!W5,*+05>!,9*)8;9!-$.)*>+,-)$!1&0(85-)$M! G+($),)*#5%K$"0(/*+'&% % % =L>L@& !"Oi @ "iaM b*+8,D!QM!b-15(1*D!?MD!7)$1<+D!7MD!=8>>-$;5D!BMD!V1(;15)$D!jMD!+$C!=*+G.)*CD!#M! IKLLKPM!R$,1*$1,!'+*+C)&!*1<-5-,1CM! 7*#)+0"%*8%2*:/0"%G''#$'&%?J>=@& !aT @ iaM b*+8,D!QM%MD!F+,,1*5)$D!fMD!d+8$C+*3D!jMD!b1-5(1*D!?MD!f839)'+C96+6D!]MD!J! ?091*(-5D!UM!I"TTNPM!R$,1*$1,!'+*+C)&^!#!5)0-+(!,109$)();6!,9+,!*1C8015! 5)0-+(!-$<)(<1>1$,!+$C!'5609)();-0+(!G1(( @ 21-$;h! MB$)/:0+%9'-:;*"*,/'(&% % % ?E><@& !"L"i @ "LXKM b*+8,D!QM%MD! ?091*(-5D!UMDf839)'+C96+6D!]MD!f+$$-$;D!BMD!J!b1-5(1*D!?M!I"TT\P!]91! V)>1:1,!.-1(C!,*-+(!).!*15-C1$,-+(!R$,1*$1,!51*<-015M! !*BB#+/:0(/*+'%*8%(;$% % % M!1&%E<& !OO @ \XM! b8`+,9D!=M!dM!IKL""PM!/+012))3!+$C!f6?'+01^!=)>'(1>1$,!)*!5825,-,8,1 .)*!.+01 @ ,) @ .+01!-$,1 *+0,-)$hM!=621*'5609)();6D!719+<-)*D!+$C ?)0-+(!:1,G)*3-$;D!"aI" @ KPD!iO @ iNMC)-^"LM"LNTY0621*MKLLTMLX"" f-$$-G+,,5!f+*31,-$;!S*)8'!IA101>21*!X"D!KL""PM!/+012))3!_51*5!-$!,91! U)*(C!26!S1);*+'9-0!Q1;-)$5 @ !KL""!raM!Q1,*-1<1C!.*)>! 9,,'^YYGGGM-$,1*$1,G)*(C5,+,5M0)>Y.+012))3M9,> F9+*)D!VMD!S*)55D!BMD!Q-09+*C5)$D!QMD!J!V+6$1D!VM!IKL""PM!#;1 @ *1(+,1C!09+$;15!-$!,91 1..10,!).!)5,*+0-5>!M! 9'-:;*"*,-%9)$'' D! C>=@& !KK @ XNM Q)2-$5D!QM!UMD!V1$C-$D!VM!fMD!J!]*Z15$-1G53-D!bM!VM!IKLL"PM!f1+58*-$ ;!;()2+(!51(. @ 15,11>^!=)$5,*80,!<+(-C+,-)$!).!+!5-$;(1 @ -,1>!>1+58*1!+$C!,91!Q)51$21*;
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! Oa !?1(. @ %5,11>!?0+(1M! 9$)'*+0"/(-%0+.%2*:/0"%9'-:;*"*,-%N#""$(/+&%LH>L@& !"O" @ "\"M!C)-^"LM""iiYL"a\"\iKL"KiKLLK Q)51$21*;D!fM!I"T\OPM! ?)0-1,6!+$C!,91!+C)(1501$,!51(. @ ->+;1 M!!F*-$01,)$D!:B^! F*-$01,)$!_$-<1*5-,6!F*155M Q)55D!=MD!W**D!%M?MD!?-5-0D!fMD!#* 51$1+8(,D!BMfMD!?->>1*-$;DQMD!J!W**D!QM!IKLLTPM! F1*5)$+(-,6!+$C!>),-<+,-)$5!+55)0-+,1C!G-,9!/+012))3!851M! !*B5#($)'%/+ % % %O#B0+%N$;0A/*)' &% L?>LPP<@ &% OiN @ ON\M % !Q6+$D!]MD!J!s1$ )5D!?M!IKL""PM!U9)!8515!/+012))3h!#$!-$<15,-;+,-)$!-$,)!,91! *1(+,-)$59-'!21,G11$!,91!7-;!/-<1D!596$155D!$+*0-55-5>D!()$1(-$155D!+$C! /+012))3!85+;1M! !*B5#($)'%/+%O#B0+%N$;0A/*)&%LH>?@& !"\ON @ "\\aM! C)-^"LM"L"\Y`M092MKL""MLKMLLa _$C1*G))CD!fMbMD!?0),,D7MdMD !S+('1*-$DfM7MD!7`)*$5,+CD!SMBMD!J!?1&,)$D!#MfM! IKLLaPM!#$!)251*<+,-)$+(!5,8C6!).!5)0-+(!1&0(85-)$!8$C1*!<+*-1C! 0)$C-,-)$5^!;1$C1*!+$C!C1<1()'>1$,+(!C-..1*1$015M! !;/".%3$A$"*5B$+( D! H?>?@&% "OXN @ "OOOM!! j+(31$28*;D!fM!J !F1,1*D!BM!IKLLTPM!?)0-+(!0)$51[81$015!).!,91!-$,1*$1,!.)*! +C)(1501$,5M! M''*:/0(/*+%8*)%9'-:;*"*,/:0"%2:/$+:$ D =J>=@&%= 6 ?F % U-((-+>5D!bMAMD!=918$;D!=MbM]MD!J!=9)-D!UM!IKLLLPM!=621*)5,*+0-5>^!%..10,5!).! 21-$;! -;$)*1C!)<1*!,91!-$,1*$1,M! 7*#)+0"%*8%9$)'*+0" /(-%0+.%2*:/0"% % 9'-:;*"*,-&%H<>?@&%HDJ 6 HCLF% % U-((-+>5DbMAMD!S)<+$D!=MdMD!=*)031*D!jMD]6$+$DAMD!!=*8-0359+$3DfMD!J!d+>D!#M !IKLLKPM!R$<15,-;+,-)$5!R$,)!A-..1*1$015!71,G11$!?)0-+( @ +$C! =621*)5,*+0-5>M!S*)8'! 3-+0B/:'Q%R;$*)-&%K$'$0):;&%0+.%9)0:(/:$ &%C>=@&% %
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! OO \O @ iiM e+C*)D!dMD!U-((-+ >5D!bMAMD!J!Q-09+*C5)$D!QM!IKLLa PM!V)G!()G!0+$!6)8!;)h! W5,*+0-5>!26!+!0)>'8,1*!-5!58..-0-1$,!,)!()G1*!51(. @ *1')*,1C!(1<1(5!). !21()$;-$;D!0)$,*)(D!51(. @ !15,11>D!+$C!>1+$-$;.8(!1&-5,1$01M! 7*#)+0"%*8% % IS5$)/B$+(0"%2*:/0"%9'-:;*"*,&%DP%>LPPD@&% O\L k O\i
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! O\ #''1$C-&!# Internet Usage Survey Internet Usage 1. Do use YouTube on a regular basis? Yes No 2. How much time do you spend on YouTube weekly? (A) None (B) Less than 1 hour (C) 1 3 hours (D) 4 5 hours (E) more than 5 hours 3. Do you have an e mail account? Yes No (If no, please proceed to question 5) 4. How often do you check your e mail daily? (A) None (B) 1 to 2 times (C) 3 to 4 times (D) 5 to 6 times (E) More than 6 times 5. Do you watch televisio n online through Hulu, Netflix, or another online television viewing website? Yes No (If no, please proceed to question 7) 6. How much time do you spend watching television online per day? (A) None (B) Less than 1 hour (C) 1 3 hours (D) 4 5 hours (E) more than 5 hours 7. Do you have a Facebook account? Yes No 8. Do you use a Facebook account on a daily basis? Yes No 9. How many times in a typical day do you use a Facebook account? (A) None (B) 1 to 4 times (C) 5 to 8 times (D) 9 to 13 times (E) More than 13 times 10. How muc h time do you spend on Facebook each time you visit it? (A) Less than 5 minutes (B) 5 to 10 Minutes (C) 1 1 to 20 minutes (D) 21 to 30 minutes (E) 31 t0 60 minutes (F) More than 60 minutes 11. How often do you get reactions to your profile including wall posts, messages, photo comments, po ke/gifts, and likes? 1 (never) to 5 (very often)? 1 2 3 4 5 12. Have you ever used Stumble? Yes No (If no, Please proceed to next section)
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! Oi #''1$C-&!#!I=)$,-$81CP 13. How much time do you spend on Stumble per week? (A) None (B) Less than 1 hour (C) 1 to 5 hours (D) 6 to 10 hours (E) More than 11 hours Please indicate how much you agree or disagree with each of the following statement by circling one of the answers. 1. I enjoy using YouT ube. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree 2. I ha ve positive experiences on the YouT ube website. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree 3. I use my e mail for social reasons Strongly disagre e Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree 4. I use my e mail for academic reasons. Strongly disagree Disagr ee Neutral Agree Strongly agree 5. I use my e mail for work related reasons. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree 6. I consider e mail to play a positive role in my life. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree 7. I enjoy watching television online. Strongly disa gree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree 8. I consider F acebook important to my social life. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree 9. I consider t he reactions I receive on my Facebook profile are always positive. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree 10. I enjoy using F acebook. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree 11. I enjoy u sing Stumble. Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree
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! ON Appendix A (Continued) 12. I usually have positive experiences on Stumble. Strongly disagree Disagr ee Neutral Agree Strongly agree
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! OT Appendix B S1$1*+(!R$.)*>+,-)$!r815,-)$$+-*1! S1$1*+(!R$.)*>+,-)$! "M!!V)G!+*1!6)8!.11(-$;!+2)8,!6)8*51(.!*-;9,!$)GD!.*)>!,1**-2(1!I @ iP!,)!,1**-.-0! IiPh!!!! !!!!!!!=-*0(1!6)8*!*15')$51M!! @ i!! @ \!! @ O!! @ a!! @ X!! @ K!! @ "!!L!!"!!K!!X!!a!!O!!\!!i KM!U9+,!;1$C1*!C)!6)8!>)5, !-C1$,-.6!+5h!tttttttttttttttttttttttttttt XM!V)G!)(C!+*1!6)8h!tttttttttttttttttt aM!U9+,!-5!6)8*!#W=!)*!-$,1$C1C!#W=h!ttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttttt
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! \L #''1$C-&!=! ?+,-5.+0,-)$!r815,-)$$+-*1! ?+,-5.+0,-)$! ?)#/,#'%23%0/-#'94;$'/2,&#$,'%2'-=#',@/ 0#,'@$4"%3#3'4$':9'0%$0)%27'/2' /2,&#$'0=4%0#C "M!V)G!>+$6!,->15!C-C!6)8!*101-<1!,91!2+((!C8*-$;!,91!(+5,!;+>1!=621*2+((!;+>1h! tttttttttt KM!V)G!>+$6!),91*!'(+61*5!G1*1!,91*1D!215-C15!6)8h!ttttttt XM!A-C!6)8!1$`)6!'(+6-$;!=621*2+((h !!l15 :) ?)#/,#' /2,&#$'-=#'*4))4&%27'I;#,-%42,':9'0%$0)%27'42#'4*'-=#'/2,&#$,' @$4"%3#3C "M!!!W$!,91!G9)(1D!R!+> ',/-%,*%#3' G-,9!>651(.M !!!!!!?,*)$;(6!+;*1 1!! #;*11 !! :18,*+(!! A-5+;*11!!! ?,*)$;(6!C-5+;*11 KM!!#,!,->15!R!,9-$3!R!+>!$)!;))C!+,!+((M !!!!?,*)$;(6!+;*11!! # ;*11!! :18,*+(!! A-5+;*1 1!!!!?,*)$;(6! C-5+;*11 XM!!R!.11(!,9+,!R!9+<1!+!$8>21*!).!;))C![8+(-,-15M !!!!?,*)$;(6!+;*11!! !#;*11! !:18,*+(!!! !A-5+;*11!! ?,*)$;(6!C-5+;*11 aM!!R!+>!+2(1!,)!C)!,9-$;5!+5!G1((!+5!>)5,!),91*!'1)'(1M !!!!!?,*)$;(6!+;*11 !#;* 11!! !:18,*+(!!! A-5+;*11!!! !? ,*)$;(6! C-5+;*11 OM!!R!.11(!R!C)!$),!9+<1!>809!,)!21!'*)8C!).M !!!!!?,*)$;(6!+;*11!! !#;*11!! !:18,*+(!! A-5+;*11!!!!!?,*)$;(6! C-5+;*11 \M!!R!01*,+-$(6!.11(!851(155!+,!,->15M !!!!!?,*)$;(6!+;*11!! !#;*11!! !:18,*+(!! !A-5+;* 11!!!!?,*)$;(6! C-5+;*11 iM!!R!.11(!,9+,!R4>!+!'1*5)$!).!G)*,9D!+,!(1+5,!)$!+$!1[8+(!'(+$1!G-,9!),91*5M !!!!?,*)$;(6!+;*11!! !#;*11!! :18,*+(!! !A-5+;*11!!!!?,*)$;(6! C-5+;*11 NM!!R!G-59!R!0)8(C!9+<1!>)*1!*15'10,!.)*!>651(.M !!!!!?,*)$;(6!+;*11! !#;*11! :18,*+(!! !A-5+;*11!!!!?,*)$;(6! C-5+;*11 TM!!#((!-$!+((D!R!+>!-$0(-$1C!,)!.11(!,9+,!R!+>!+!.+-(8*1M !!!!!?,*)$;(6!+;*11! #;*11 !:18,*+(! A-5+;*11!!!!?,*)$;(6! C-5+;*11
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! \" #''1$C-&!=!I=)$,-$81CP "LM!!R!,+31!+!')5-,-<1!+,,-,8C1!,)G+*C!>651(.M! !!!!!!!?,*)$;(6!+;*11 !#;*11! :18,*+(! !A-5+;*11 !!!!!?,*)$;(6! C-5+;*11
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